Mabaadi'da Naqshadeynta iyo Guulaha Waxqabadka ee Dharka TPU
Duubyada Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), sida wax qabad sare - wax qabad synthetic, ayaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa dharka, qalabka isboortiga, caafimaadka, iyo warshadaha sababtoo ah bartinimadooda ugu wanaagsan, caabbinta nabarka, caabbinta kiimikada, iyo dib u warshadaynta. Mabaadi'da naqshadeeda waxay isku daraysaa sayniska alaabta polymer, injineernimada dharka, iyo shuruudaha shaqada. Iyada oo loo marayo wax-ka-beddelka qaab-dhismeedka molecular iyo hagaajinta habaynta, waxay ku gaartaa is-waafajinta saxda ah ee guryaha gaarka ah.
I. Naqshadaynta Molecular iyo Waxyaabaha Aasaasiga ah ee Dharka TPU
Mabda'a naqshadeynta asaasiga ah ee TPU waxay ku bilaabataa habeynta qaab dhismeedka molecular. TPU waxay ka kooban tahay qaybo adag oo beddelan (oo ay sameeyeen falcelinta diisocyanate iyo silsilad fidiyaha) iyo qaybo jilicsan (oo ka kooban polyeter ama polyester polyols). Qaab dhismeedkan kala soocida mikrofase waa aasaaska hawlihiisa badan. Qaybaha adagi waxay bixiyaan qallafsanaan, xoog, iyo xasilooni kuleyl ah, halka qaybaha jilicsan ay siinayaan dabacsanaan iyo dabacsanaan alaabta. Iyada oo la hagaajinayo saamiga qaybaha adag ee qaybaha jilicsan (sida caadiga ah 30:70 ilaa 50:50), adkaanta walxaha (30-95 Shore A hardness range), xoogga jilicsanaanta (ilaa 60 MPa), iyo dhererka nasashada (in ka badan 400%) waa la isku dheeli tiri karaa. Tusaale ahaan, qayb adag oo ka kooban qaybo adag ayaa ku habboon qalabka ilaalinta isboortiga ee u baahan iska caabbinta jeexjeexa, halka saamiga sare ee jilicsan ee jilicsan loo isticmaalo dhar-dharka oo u baahan ku habboon raaxo leh.
Intaa waxaa dheer, doorashada nooca qaybta jilicsan waxay si toos ah u saameyneysaa la qabsiga deegaanka. Polyether TPU, sababtoo ah iska caabbinta hydrolysis ee curaarta ether-keeda, waxay aad ugu habboon tahay jawiga qoyan (sida dharka quusitaanka). Polyester TPU, oo ay ugu wacan tahay awooddeeda farsamo ee sare, waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyada dharka shaqada ee u baahan iska caabin adag.
II. Dariiqooyinka Hirgelinta ee Nakhshad Hawleed
Shaqeynta dharka TPU ma aha wadarta hal hanti, laakiin waa saamayn isku dhafan oo lagu gaadho naqshad dhinacyo badan leh.
Hagaajinta Laatinka iyo Soo kabashada
Elasticity waa faa'iidada asaasiga ah ee dharka TPU, naqshadeeduna waxay ku tiirsan tahay xakamaynta dabeecadda nasashada ee silsiladaha molecular. Marka la soo bandhigo -molecular{2}} hoose ee silsilad fidiyaha (sida butanediol), kala dheeraynta qaybaha adag waa la soo gaabiyaa, iyada oo kordhinaysa cufnaanta isku xidhka jireed ee u dhaxaysa qaybaha oo markaa wanaajisa moodeelka laastikada. Intaa waxa dheer, hababka tolida laba jiho ama tolnimada waxay xaqiijiyaan kala bixitaan isku mid ah labada jiho dagaal iyo durdurro, iyagoo buuxinaya shuruudaha taam ee dhaq-dhaqaaqa ee dharka ku haboon-
Naqshadeynta qaab-dhismeedka microporous-ka aan biyuhu iyo neefsan karin
Waterproof and breathable TPU membranes (such as the biomimetic structure of Gore-Tex) are produced using a phase inversion process. By regulating the solvent evaporation rate, micropores with diameters of 0.1-5 μm (approximately 700 times the size of a water vapor molecule, but smaller than the size of a liquid water droplet) are formed. This design utilizes the hydrophobicity of TPU (contact angle >100 digrii) si loo xakameeyo qoyaanka dibadda iyadoo u oggolaanaysa dhididku inuu ku faafo micropores-ka. Qaar ka mid ah nashqadaha sare - nashqadaha dhamaadka waxa ay ku daraan harofilic, aan{3}}lakabka TPU-da daloola, kaas oo u qaada qoyaanka dhex mara kooxaha hadrofilic (sida HOL) ee silsilada molecular, gaarista neefsashada iyada oo aan lahayn daloolo.
Cimilada la xoojiyey iyo iska caabinta Kiimikada
Si loola tacaalo bay'ada aadka u daran, nuugayaasha UV (sida benzotriazoles) iyo antioxidants (sida phenols xannibay) ayaa inta badan lagu daraa qaababka TPU si loo yareeyo hoos u dhaca photooxidative ee silsiladda polymer. Codsiyada daxalka kiimikaad ah (sida jeermiska caafimaadka ama soo-gaadhista dareerayaasha warshadaha), xasilloonida shabakadda molecular ayaa la wanaajiyey iyadoo la kordhinayo crystallinity ee qaybaha adag (tusaale, isticmaalka diisocyanates aromatic), taasoo ka dhigaysa mid u adkaysata jawiyada acidic iyo alkaline leh pH ee 2-12.
III. Farsamaynta Farsamada Waxay taageertaa Ujeeddooyinka Nakhshadeynta
Shaqeynta dharka TPU ugu dambeyntii waxay kuxirantahay habaynta saxda ah. Kulul - Farsamada dhalaalayda dhalaalaysa (sida filimka TPU iyo iskudhafka dharka) waxay xaqiijisaa awooda isku dhejinta wejiga ka weyn ama la mid ah 3 N/cm iyadoo la xakameynayo heerkulka (120-180 darajo) iyo cadaadiska (0.3-0.5 MPa) iyadoo laga fogaanayo heerkul sare oo ay keento qaybta jilicsan. Dahaarka xalku wuxuu ku habboon yahay sagxadaha qaloocan ee adag (sida xargaha galoofyada). Dhumucda dahaarka (50-200 μm) iyo labbiska ayaa lagu hagaajin karaa iyadoo la dooranayo dareeraha (sida DMF ama THF). Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, soo bandhigida tikniyoolajiyada daabacaadda 3D waxay awood u siisay TPU inay habayso sifooyinkeeda farsamada ee ku saleysan xogta ergonomic, tusaale ahaan, kor u qaadista barkinta dhexe iyo hagaajinta taageerada aagagga cirifka.
IV. Isbeddellada Nakhshad Joogta ah
Naqshadaynta dharka casriga ah ee TPU waxay si isa soo taraysa mudnaan siinaysaa saaxiibtinimada deegaanka. Bio{1}TPU ku salaysan waxay isticmaashaa warshad - polyols ku salaysan (sida saliidda castor) halkii laga isticmaali lahaa batroolka{3}} alaabta ceeriin ee ku salaysan si loo dhimo raadkiisa kaarboon. Naqshadaynta dib loo warshadayn karo waxay ka faa'iidaysataa heerkulbeegga TPU, taasoo u oggolaanaysa habab badan iyada oo loo marayo dib-u-qaabaynta kulaylka (oo leh dib u warshadayn heerkeedu ka sarreeyo 90%). Cilmi-baadhisyada qaar ayaa sidoo kale sahamisay TPU-da la sawiri karo, iyada oo dardargelinaysa heerka kala-goynta deegaanka dabiiciga ah iyada oo la soo bandhigayo kooxaha shaqeeya ee carbonyl.
Gabagabo
Mabda'a naqshadeynta ee dharka TPU asal ahaan waa khariidad sax ah oo ku saabsan qaab-dhismeed yar oo walxaha iyo sifooyinka makroskoob. Laga soo bilaabo habaynta silsiladda molecular ilaa habaynta makroscopic, tillaabo kasta waxa lagu habeeyey baahiyaha xaaladaha codsiga gaarka ah. Iskutallaabta -hal-abuurnimada tignoolajiyada isku-dhafka polymerka iyo injineernimada dunta, dharka TPU ayaa u koraya dhanka wax qabad sare, shaqayn balaadhan, iyo waarayn, si joogto ah u wadida isbeddelada meelaha ay ka midka yihiin xidhashada smart iyo qalabka ilaalinta caafimaadka.